docs(用例管理): 新增元素定位方案对比分析报告

feat(设备模拟): 多类型主题上报支持 + 前端设备列表增强

- 新增元素定位方案对比分析文档（录制器/智能定位/手动编写）
- 设备模拟：central_simulator多类型主题上报、topic_templates扩展
- 设备模拟：前端DeviceList组件增强、新增deviceSim API和类型定义
- 更新HANDOFF_设备模拟交接文档
Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/routers/device_sim.py

@@ -69,12 +69,13 @@ async def get_topic_templates(device_type: str):
         templates=[
             TopicTemplateResponse(
                 key=t["key"],
-                template=t["template"],
+                template=t.get("template", t.get("template_publish", "")),
                 label=t["label"],
                 params=t["params"],
                 param_labels=t["param_labels"],
                 param_defaults=t["param_defaults"],
-                direction=t["direction"],
+                direction=t.get("direction", "publish"),
+                device_type=t.get("device_type"),
             )
             for t in templates
         ],
@@ -271,9 +272,12 @@ async def download_import_template(
     ws.title = "设备导入"
 
     # 表头
-    headers = ["环境配置名称", "设备名称", "设备ID"]
+    headers = ["环境配置名称", "设备名称", "设备编号"]
     if device_type == "door":
         headers.append("授权码(app_token)")
+    elif device_type == "central":
+        headers.append("会议室编号")
+        headers.append("主题类型")
     headers.extend(["自动重连", "启用定时上报", "上报间隔(秒)"])
     ws.append(headers)
 
@@ -281,6 +285,9 @@ async def download_import_template(
     example = ["测试环境", f"{device_type}_001", f"{device_type}_device_001"]
     if device_type == "door":
         example.append("AUTH-0001")
+    elif device_type == "central":
+        example.append("A101")
+        example.append("设备在线")
     example.extend(["是", "是", "30"])
     ws.append(example)
 
@@ -316,8 +323,8 @@ async def import_devices(
     """
     批量导入模拟设备
 
-    上传 Excel 文件批量创建设备。Excel 列：环境配置名称、设备名称、设备ID、
-    授权码(可选)、自动重连(可选)、启用定时上报(可选)、上报间隔(可选)。
+    上传 Excel 文件批量创建设备。Excel 列：环境配置名称、设备名称、设备编号、
+    授权码(可选，门口屏)、会议室编号(可选，中控)、自动重连(可选)、启用定时上报(可选)、上报间隔(可选)。
     device_type 由前端页面决定，不包含在 Excel 中。
     """
     # 校验文件类型
@@ -433,6 +440,28 @@ async def update_simulator(
     return SimulatorResponse.model_validate(device)
 
 
+@router.patch("/devices/{device_id}/type")
+async def switch_device_type(
+    device_id: str,
+    device_type_name: str = Query(..., description="设备类型标识（room_online/device_online/audio/video/control/network/power）"),
+    service: DeviceSimService = Depends(get_device_sim_service),
+):
+    """
+    切换中控设备上报类型
+
+    支持在运行时切换中控设备的上报主题类型。
+    如果设备正在运行，会先停止再重启以应用新配置。
+    """
+    try:
+        result = await service.switch_device_type(device_id, device_type_name)
+        return result
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"切换主题类型失败: {e}")
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"切换主题类型失败: {str(e)}")
+
+
 @router.delete("/devices/{device_id}")
 async def delete_simulator(
     device_id: str,

backend/app/schemas/device_sim.py

@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ class TopicTemplateResponse(BaseModel):
     param_labels: Dict[str, str] = Field(default={}, description="参数名 -> 中文标签映射")
     param_defaults: Dict[str, str] = Field(default={}, description="参数名 -> 默认值映射")
     direction: str = Field(..., description="方向：publish(上报) / subscribe(订阅)")
+    device_type: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="中控设备类型标识")
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(
         alias_generator=to_camel,

backend/app/services/device_sim_service.py

@@ -478,15 +478,31 @@ class DeviceSimService:
         COLUMN_MAP = {
             "环境配置名称": "env_config_name",
             "设备名称": "device_name",
+            "设备ID": "device_id",
+            "设备编号": "device_id",
             "设备id": "device_id",
             "授权码": "app_token",
             "授权码(app_token)": "app_token",
+            "会议室编号": "room_id",
+            "主题类型": "central_device_type",
+            "设备类型": "central_device_type",  # 兼容旧版
             "自动重连": "auto_reconnect",
             "启用定时上报": "report_enabled",
             "上报间隔(秒)": "report_interval",
             "上报间隔": "report_interval",
         }
 
+        # 中控设备类型中文 → 标识映射
+        CENTRAL_DEVICE_TYPES = {
+            "会议室在线": "room_online",
+            "设备在线": "device_online",
+            "音频系统": "audio",
+            "视频系统": "video",
+            "控制系统": "control",
+            "网络系统": "network",
+            "电源系统": "power",
+        }
+
         # 解析 Excel
         wb = load_workbook(BytesIO(file_bytes), read_only=True)
         ws = wb.active
@@ -576,11 +592,32 @@ class DeviceSimService:
             report_enabled = _parse_bool(row_data.get("report_enabled"), True)
             report_interval = _parse_int(row_data.get("report_interval"), 30)
 
-            # 构建 topic_params（授权码）
+            # 构建 topic_params
             topic_params = {}
+            # 门口屏：授权码
             app_token = row_data.get("app_token")
             if app_token:
                 topic_params["app_token"] = str(app_token).strip()
+            # 中控：会议室编号（用于主题和消息体）
+            room_id = row_data.get("room_id")
+            if room_id:
+                topic_params["room_id"] = str(room_id).strip()
+            # 中控：设备编号（用于消息体 client_udid）
+            # 设备编号 = device_id，存入 topic_params.device_number
+            if device_type == "central":
+                topic_params["device_number"] = str(row_data["device_id"]).strip()
+            # 中控：主题类型
+            central_device_type = row_data.get("central_device_type")
+            if central_device_type:
+                device_type_key = CENTRAL_DEVICE_TYPES.get(str(central_device_type).strip())
+                if device_type_key:
+                    topic_params["device_type"] = device_type_key
+                else:
+                    # 无效的主题类型，使用默认值
+                    topic_params["device_type"] = "device_online"
+            elif device_type == "central":
+                # 中控设备但没有指定类型，默认为设备在线
+                topic_params["device_type"] = "device_online"
 
             # 构建创建数据
             try:
@@ -886,6 +923,58 @@ class DeviceSimService:
 
             return sim.report(topic, payload)
 
+    async def switch_device_type(self, device_id: str, device_type_name: str) -> dict:
+        """
+        切换中控设备上报类型
+
+        Args:
+            device_id: 设备 ID
+            device_type_name: 设备类型标识（room_online/device_online/audio/video/control/network/power）
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: 切换结果
+        """
+        # 校验主题类型
+        valid_types = ["room_online", "device_online", "audio", "video", "control", "network", "power"]
+        if device_type_name not in valid_types:
+            raise ValueError(f"无效的主题类型: {device_type_name}，支持的类型: {', '.join(valid_types)}")
+
+        simulator = await self.get_simulator(device_id)
+        if not simulator:
+            raise ValueError(f"模拟设备不存在: {device_id}")
+
+        if simulator.device_type != "central":
+            raise ValueError("仅中控设备支持切换类型")
+
+        # 检查是否正在运行
+        was_running = False
+        with _running_simulators_lock:
+            sim = _running_simulators.get(device_id)
+            if sim and sim.is_running():
+                was_running = True
+
+        # 如果正在运行，先停止
+        if was_running:
+            await self.stop_simulator(device_id)
+
+        # 更新 topic_params
+        topic_params = dict(simulator.topic_params or {})
+        topic_params["device_type"] = device_type_name
+        simulator.topic_params = topic_params
+        simulator.updated_at = datetime.now()
+        await self.db.flush()
+
+        # 如果之前在运行，重新启动
+        if was_running:
+            await self.start_simulator(device_id)
+
+        return {
+            "device_id": device_id,
+            "device_type": device_type_name,
+            "was_running": was_running,
+            "message": f"设备类型已切换为 {device_type_name}" + ("，设备已重启" if was_running else "")
+        }
+
     # ==================== 批量操作 ====================
 
     async def batch_start_simulators(self, device_ids: List[str]) -> dict:

backend/app/simulators/base_simulator.py

@@ -95,10 +95,13 @@ class BaseSimulator(ABC):
 
         如果设备类型有真实主题模板（门口屏/无纸化），则使用真实主题；
         否则标记为无真实主题，使用旧格式 fallback。
+
+        对于中控设备，根据 topic_params.device_type 选择对应的主题模板。
         """
         from app.simulators.topic_templates import (
             has_real_topics,
             resolve_all_topics,
+            resolve_topics_by_device_type,
         )
 
         self._has_real_topics = has_real_topics(self.device_type)
@@ -108,7 +111,13 @@ class BaseSimulator(ABC):
             if 'device_id' not in params_with_device_id:
                 params_with_device_id['device_id'] = self.device_id
 
-            self._resolved_topics = resolve_all_topics(self.device_type, params_with_device_id)
+            # 中控设备：根据 device_type 筛选对应主题
+            if self.device_type == "central" and "device_type" in self.topic_params:
+                self._resolved_topics = resolve_topics_by_device_type(
+                    self.device_type, params_with_device_id
+                )
+            else:
+                self._resolved_topics = resolve_all_topics(self.device_type, params_with_device_id)
             logger.info(f"设备 {self.device_id} 解析主题: {self._resolved_topics}")
 
     def get_resolved_topic(self, template_key: str) -> Optional[str]:

backend/app/simulators/central_simulator.py

@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 模块名称：central_simulator.py
-模块描述：中控设备模拟器，模拟灯光/窗帘/投影等设备控制
+模块描述：中控设备模拟器，支持 7 种主题类型上报
 
 作者：czj
 创建日期：2026-07-29
-最后修改：2026-07-29
+最后修改：2026-08-06
 """
 
 import json
 import logging
 import random
 import time
+import uuid
 from typing import Optional
 
 from app.simulators.base_simulator import BaseSimulator
@@ -21,6 +22,18 @@ from app.services.mqtt_manager import MqttManager
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+# 中控设备类型映射
+CENTRAL_DEVICE_TYPES = {
+    "room_online": "会议室在线",
+    "device_online": "设备在线",
+    "audio": "音频系统",
+    "video": "视频系统",
+    "control": "控制系统",
+    "network": "网络系统",
+    "power": "电源系统",
+}
+
+
 class CentralSimulator(BaseSimulator):
     """
     中控设备模拟器
@@ -127,25 +140,198 @@ class CentralSimulator(BaseSimulator):
         }
 
     def build_status_payload(self) -> dict:
-        """构建设备状态上报消息"""
-        sub_status = {}
-        for dev_id, config in self._sub_devices.items():
-            sub_status[dev_id] = {
-                "status": config.get("status", "off"),
-                "brightness": config.get("brightness"),
-                "position": config.get("position"),
-                "temperature": config.get("temperature"),
-                "volume": config.get("volume"),
-            }
+        """
+        根据设备类型动态选择消息体构建方法
+
+        支持的设备类型：
+        - room_online: 会议室在线
+        - device_online: 设备在线
+        - audio: 音频系统
+        - video: 视频系统
+        - control: 控制系统
+        - network: 网络系统
+        - power: 电源系统
+
+        默认为 device_online（设备在线）。
+        """
+        device_type = self.topic_params.get("device_type", "device_online")
+        builder_method = getattr(self, f"_build_{device_type}_payload", self._build_device_online_payload)
+        return builder_method()
+
+    def _build_room_online_payload(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        构建会议室在线消息体
 
+        消息格式：
+        {
+            "udid": "uuid",
+            "action": "online",
+            "value": 1
+        }
+        """
         return {
-            "device_id": self.device_id,
-            "status": "online",
-            "current_scene": self._current_scene,
-            "scene_name": self._SCENES.get(self._current_scene, {}).get("name", ""),
-            "sub_device_count": len(self._sub_devices),
-            "sub_devices": sub_status,
-            "timestamp": time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+            "udid": str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            "action": "online",
+            "value": 1
+        }
+
+    def _build_device_online_payload(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        构建设备在线消息体
+
+        消息格式：
+        {
+            "action": "_updatestatus",
+            "client_udid": "{会议室编号}",
+            "data": [
+                {"device_udid": "{设备编号}", "power": 1, "online": 1, "watt": 10000, "run": "在线"},
+                {"device_udid": "{设备编号}", "power": 1, "online": 1, "watt": 1000, "run": "在线"}
+            ]
+        }
+        """
+        room_id = self.topic_params.get("room_id", self.device_id)
+        device_number = self.topic_params.get("device_number", self.device_id)
+        return {
+            "action": "_updatestatus",
+            "client_udid": room_id,
+            "data": [
+                {"device_udid": device_number, "power": 1, "online": 1, "watt": random.randint(5000, 15000), "run": "在线"},
+                {"device_udid": device_number, "power": 1, "online": 1, "watt": random.randint(500, 1500), "run": "在线"}
+            ]
+        }
+
+    def _build_audio_payload(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        构建音频系统消息体
+
+        消息格式：
+        {
+            "action": "_updateaudio",
+            "client_udid": "{设备编号}",
+            "data": [...]
+        }
+        """
+        device_number = self.topic_params.get("device_number", self.device_id)
+        return {
+            "action": "_updateaudio",
+            "client_udid": device_number,
+            "data": [
+                {
+                    "address": 1,
+                    "data_all": {"volume": random.randint(20, 50), "mute": 0},
+                    "data_channel": [
+                        {"lineType": 1, "num": 1, "status": 1, "volume": random.randint(40, 80), "mute": 0},
+                        {"lineType": 1, "num": 2, "status": 1, "volume": random.randint(40, 80), "mute": 0}
+                    ],
+                    "data_meter": [{"lineType": 1, "num": 1, "dbvalue": random.randint(50, 90)}]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+
+    def _build_video_payload(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        构建视频系统消息体
+
+        消息格式：
+        {
+            "action": "_updatevideo",
+            "client_udid": "{设备编号}",
+            "data": [...]
+        }
+        """
+        device_number = self.topic_params.get("device_number", self.device_id)
+        return {
+            "action": "_updatevideo",
+            "client_udid": device_number,
+            "data": [
+                {
+                    "address": 1,
+                    "data_channel": [
+                        {"lineType": 1, "num": 1, "status": random.randint(0, 1)},
+                        {"lineType": 1, "num": 2, "status": random.randint(0, 1)}
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+
+    def _build_control_payload(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        构建控制系统消息体
+
+        消息格式：
+        {
+            "action": "_updatecontrol",
+            "client_udid": "{设备编号}",
+            "data": [...]
+        }
+        """
+        device_number = self.topic_params.get("device_number", self.device_id)
+        return {
+            "action": "_updatecontrol",
+            "client_udid": device_number,
+            "data": [
+                {
+                    "address": 1,
+                    "data_com": [{"lineType": 0, "num": 1, "status": 1, "run": "run success"}],
+                    "data_ir": [{"lineType": 1, "num": 1, "status": 1, "run": "run success"}],
+                    "data_io": [{"lineType": 2, "num": 1, "status": 1, "run": "run success"}],
+                    "data_rel": [{"lineType": 3, "num": 1, "status": 1, "run": "run success"}],
+                    "data_bus": [{"lineType": 4, "num": 1, "status": 1, "run": "run success"}],
+                    "data_net": [{"lineType": 5, "num": 1, "status": 1, "run": "run success"}]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+
+    def _build_network_payload(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        构建网络系统消息体
+
+        消息格式：
+        {
+            "action": "_updatenetwork",
+            "client_udid": "{设备编号}",
+            "data": [...]
+        }
+        """
+        device_number = self.topic_params.get("device_number", self.device_id)
+        return {
+            "action": "_updatenetwork",
+            "client_udid": device_number,
+            "data": [
+                {
+                    "address": 1,
+                    "data_channel": [
+                        {"innum": 1, "status": 1, "run": "Good network"},
+                        {"innum": 2, "status": 1, "run": "Good network"}
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+
+    def _build_power_payload(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        构建电源系统消息体
+
+        消息格式：
+        {
+            "action": "_updatepower",
+            "client_udid": "{设备编号}",
+            "data": [...]
+        }
+        """
+        device_number = self.topic_params.get("device_number", self.device_id)
+        return {
+            "action": "_updatepower",
+            "client_udid": device_number,
+            "data": [
+                {
+                    "address": 1,
+                    "data_channel": [
+                        {"innum": 1, "status": 1, "power": 1, "level": round(random.uniform(1.0, 2.0), 1)},
+                        {"innum": 2, "status": 1, "power": 1, "level": round(random.uniform(1.0, 2.0), 1)}
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
         }
 
     def _on_command(self, topic: str, payload: dict) -> None:

backend/app/simulators/topic_templates.py

@@ -176,7 +176,85 @@ DEVICE_TOPIC_TEMPLATES: Dict[str, List[dict]] = {
             "direction": "subscribe",
         },
     ],
-    "central": [],   # 暂无真实主题，保留旧格式
+    "central": [
+        # ========== 会议室在线（发布主题不同）==========
+        {
+            "key": "room_online",
+            "template_subscribe": "/maintain/room/master/{room_id}/",
+            "template_publish": "/maintain/room/online/{room_id}/",
+            "label": "会议室在线",
+            "device_type": "room_online",
+            "params": ["room_id"],
+            "param_labels": {"room_id": "会议室编号"},
+            "param_defaults": {"room_id": "A101"},
+        },
+        # ========== 设备在线 ==========
+        {
+            "key": "device_online",
+            "template_subscribe": "/maintain/room/master/{room_id}/",
+            "template_publish": "/maintain/room/master/client/",
+            "label": "设备在线",
+            "device_type": "device_online",
+            "params": ["room_id"],
+            "param_labels": {"room_id": "会议室编号"},
+            "param_defaults": {"room_id": "A101"},
+        },
+        # ========== 音频系统 ==========
+        {
+            "key": "audio",
+            "template_subscribe": "/maintain/room/master/{room_id}/",
+            "template_publish": "/maintain/room/master/client/",
+            "label": "音频系统",
+            "device_type": "audio",
+            "params": ["room_id"],
+            "param_labels": {"room_id": "会议室编号"},
+            "param_defaults": {"room_id": "A101"},
+        },
+        # ========== 视频系统 ==========
+        {
+            "key": "video",
+            "template_subscribe": "/maintain/room/master/{room_id}/",
+            "template_publish": "/maintain/room/master/client/",
+            "label": "视频系统",
+            "device_type": "video",
+            "params": ["room_id"],
+            "param_labels": {"room_id": "会议室编号"},
+            "param_defaults": {"room_id": "A101"},
+        },
+        # ========== 控制系统 ==========
+        {
+            "key": "control",
+            "template_subscribe": "/maintain/room/master/{room_id}/",
+            "template_publish": "/maintain/room/master/client/",
+            "label": "控制系统",
+            "device_type": "control",
+            "params": ["room_id"],
+            "param_labels": {"room_id": "会议室编号"},
+            "param_defaults": {"room_id": "A101"},
+        },
+        # ========== 网络系统 ==========
+        {
+            "key": "network",
+            "template_subscribe": "/maintain/room/master/{room_id}/",
+            "template_publish": "/maintain/room/master/client/",
+            "label": "网络系统",
+            "device_type": "network",
+            "params": ["room_id"],
+            "param_labels": {"room_id": "会议室编号"},
+            "param_defaults": {"room_id": "A101"},
+        },
+        # ========== 电源系统 ==========
+        {
+            "key": "power",
+            "template_subscribe": "/maintain/room/master/{room_id}/",
+            "template_publish": "/maintain/room/master/client/",
+            "label": "电源系统",
+            "device_type": "power",
+            "params": ["room_id"],
+            "param_labels": {"room_id": "会议室编号"},
+            "param_defaults": {"room_id": "A101"},
+        },
+    ],
     "client": [],    # 暂无真实主题，保留旧格式
 }
 
@@ -242,12 +320,78 @@ def resolve_all_topics(device_type: str, topic_params: dict) -> Dict[str, dict]:
     templates = get_topic_templates(device_type)
     resolved = {}
     for tmpl in templates:
-        resolved[tmpl["key"]] = {
-            "topic": resolve_topic(tmpl["template"], topic_params or {}),
-            "direction": tmpl["direction"],
-            "label": tmpl["label"],
-            "template": tmpl["template"],
-        }
+        # 兼容新旧两种模板结构
+        if "template" in tmpl:
+            # 旧格式：单个 template + direction
+            resolved[tmpl["key"]] = {
+                "topic": resolve_topic(tmpl["template"], topic_params or {}),
+                "direction": tmpl["direction"],
+                "label": tmpl["label"],
+                "template": tmpl["template"],
+            }
+        else:
+            # 新格式：template_subscribe + template_publish（中控设备）
+            # 订阅主题
+            if "template_subscribe" in tmpl:
+                resolved[tmpl["key"] + "_sub"] = {
+                    "topic": resolve_topic(tmpl["template_subscribe"], topic_params or {}),
+                    "direction": "subscribe",
+                    "label": tmpl["label"],
+                    "template": tmpl["template_subscribe"],
+                    "device_type": tmpl.get("device_type"),
+                }
+            # 发布主题
+            if "template_publish" in tmpl:
+                resolved[tmpl["key"]] = {
+                    "topic": resolve_topic(tmpl["template_publish"], topic_params or {}),
+                    "direction": "publish",
+                    "label": tmpl["label"],
+                    "template": tmpl["template_publish"],
+                    "device_type": tmpl.get("device_type"),
+                }
+    return resolved
+
+
+def resolve_topics_by_device_type(device_type: str, topic_params: dict) -> Dict[str, dict]:
+    """
+    根据中控设备的 device_type 筛选对应主题模板
+
+    用于中控设备，根据 topic_params.device_type 选择对应的主题模板。
+
+    Args:
+        device_type: 设备类型（应为 "central"）
+        topic_params: 参数值映射，需包含 device_type 字段
+
+    Returns:
+        Dict[str, dict]: 解析后的主题映射
+    """
+    templates = get_topic_templates(device_type)
+    central_device_type = topic_params.get("device_type", "device_online")
+    resolved = {}
+
+    for tmpl in templates:
+        if tmpl.get("device_type") == central_device_type:
+            # 找到匹配的模板
+            # 订阅主题
+            if "template_subscribe" in tmpl:
+                resolved[tmpl["key"] + "_sub"] = {
+                    "topic": resolve_topic(tmpl["template_subscribe"], topic_params or {}),
+                    "direction": "subscribe",
+                    "label": tmpl["label"],
+                    "template": tmpl["template_subscribe"],
+                    "device_type": tmpl.get("device_type"),
+                }
+            # 发布主题
+            if "template_publish" in tmpl:
+                resolved[tmpl["key"]] = {
+                    "topic": resolve_topic(tmpl["template_publish"], topic_params or {}),
+                    "direction": "publish",
+                    "label": tmpl["label"],
+                    "template": tmpl["template_publish"],
+                    "device_type": tmpl.get("device_type"),
+                }
+            break  # 只取匹配的一种
+
     return resolved
 
 

frontend/src/api/deviceSim.ts

@@ -106,6 +106,18 @@ export function stopSimulator(id: string): Promise<{ message: string; id: string
   return request.post(`${BASE}/devices/${id}/stop`)
 }
 
+/** 切换中控设备类型 */
+export function switchDeviceType(id: string, deviceTypeName: string): Promise<{
+  device_id: string
+  device_type: string
+  was_running: boolean
+  message: string
+}> {
+  return request.patch(`${BASE}/devices/${id}/type`, null, {
+    params: { device_type_name: deviceTypeName }
+  })
+}
+
 /** 手动触发上报 */
 export function manualReport(id: string, data: ManualReportRequest): Promise<{ message: string; success: boolean }> {
   return request.post(`${BASE}/devices/${id}/report`, data)

frontend/src/components/device/DeviceList.vue

@@ -55,23 +55,83 @@
       @selection-change="handleSelectionChange"
     >
       <el-table-column type="selection" width="50" />
-      <el-table-column prop="deviceName" label="设备名称" min-width="140" />
-      <el-table-column prop="deviceId" label="设备 ID" min-width="160" />
-      <el-table-column label="状态" width="100">
+      <el-table-column prop="deviceName" min-width="140">
+        <template #header>
+          <el-tooltip content="设备的显示名称，可自定义" placement="top">
+            <span>设备名称</span>
+          </el-tooltip>
+        </template>
+      </el-table-column>
+      <el-table-column prop="deviceId" min-width="160">
+        <template #header>
+          <el-tooltip content="设备的唯一标识符，用于 MQTT 消息关联" placement="top">
+            <span>设备 ID</span>
+          </el-tooltip>
+        </template>
+      </el-table-column>
+      <!-- 中控主题类型显示 -->
+      <el-table-column v-if="deviceType === 'central'" min-width="110">
+        <template #header>
+          <el-tooltip content="中控设备上报的 MQTT 主题类型，支持 7 种切换" placement="top">
+            <span>主题类型</span>
+          </el-tooltip>
+        </template>
+        <template #default="{ row }">
+          <el-tag type="primary" size="small">
+            {{ CENTRAL_DEVICE_TYPES[row.topicParams?.device_type] || '设备在线' }}
+          </el-tag>
+        </template>
+      </el-table-column>
+      <el-table-column width="100">
+        <template #header>
+          <el-tooltip content="设备的运行状态：运行中/已停止/异常" placement="top">
+            <span>状态</span>
+          </el-tooltip>
+        </template>
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tag :type="row.status === 'running' ? 'success' : row.status === 'error' ? 'danger' : 'info'" size="small">
             {{ row.status === 'running' ? '运行中' : row.status === 'error' ? '异常' : '已停止' }}
           </el-tag>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column prop="totalReports" label="上报次数" width="90" align="center" />
-      <el-table-column label="最后上报" width="170">
+      <el-table-column prop="totalReports" width="100" align="center">
+        <template #header>
+          <el-tooltip content="设备累计发送 MQTT 消息的次数" placement="top">
+            <span>上报次数</span>
+          </el-tooltip>
+        </template>
+      </el-table-column>
+      <el-table-column width="170">
+        <template #header>
+          <el-tooltip content="设备最后一次发送 MQTT 消息的时间" placement="top">
+            <span>最后上报</span>
+          </el-tooltip>
+        </template>
         <template #default="{ row }">
           {{ row.lastReportedAt ? formatTime(row.lastReportedAt) : '-' }}
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
       <el-table-column label="操作" width="300" fixed="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
+          <!-- 中控设备：切换类型下拉框 -->
+          <el-dropdown v-if="deviceType === 'central'" trigger="click" @command="(cmd: string) => handleSwitchType(row, cmd)" style="margin-right: 8px">
+            <el-button link type="primary" size="small">
+              切换类型 <el-icon class="el-icon--right"><ArrowDown /></el-icon>
+            </el-button>
+            <template #dropdown>
+              <el-dropdown-menu>
+                <el-dropdown-item
+                  v-for="(label, key) in CENTRAL_DEVICE_TYPES"
+                  :key="key"
+                  :command="key"
+                  :disabled="row.topicParams?.device_type === key"
+                >
+                  {{ label }}
+                  <el-icon v-if="row.topicParams?.device_type === key" style="margin-left: 4px"><Check /></el-icon>
+                </el-dropdown-item>
+              </el-dropdown-menu>
+            </template>
+          </el-dropdown>
           <el-button
             :type="row.status === 'running' ? 'warning' : 'success'"
             size="small"
@@ -258,6 +318,15 @@
               下载模板文件
             </el-link>
           </template>
+          <template v-if="deviceType === 'central'" #default>
+            <div style="margin-top: 8px; font-size: 12px; color: #909399;">
+              <div>• <b>会议室编号</b>：用于 MQTT 主题订阅和消息上报</div>
+              <div>• <b>主题类型</b>：中控设备上报主题类型，支持 7 种</div>
+              <div style="margin-top: 4px; padding-left: 12px;">
+                会议室在线 / 设备在线 / 音频系统 / 视频系统 / 控制系统 / 网络系统 / 电源系统
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </template>
         </el-alert>
 
         <el-upload
@@ -323,8 +392,8 @@
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted, computed } from 'vue'
-import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
-import { Plus, Upload } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
+import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus'
+import { Plus, Upload, ArrowDown, Check } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
 import {
   listSimulators,
   createSimulator,
@@ -340,9 +409,10 @@ import {
   batchDeleteDevices,
   importDevices,
   downloadImportTemplate,
+  switchDeviceType,
 } from '@/api/deviceSim'
 import type { Simulator, SimulatorCreate, EnvConfig, DeviceType, TopicTemplate, DeviceImportResponse } from '@/types/device'
-import { DEVICE_TYPE_LABELS } from '@/types/device'
+import { DEVICE_TYPE_LABELS, CENTRAL_DEVICE_TYPES } from '@/types/device'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   deviceType: DeviceType
@@ -612,6 +682,37 @@ async function handleDelete(row: Simulator) {
   }
 }
 
+/** 切换中控设备类型 */
+async function handleSwitchType(row: Simulator, typeKey: string) {
+  const currentType = row.topicParams?.device_type || 'device_online'
+  if (currentType === typeKey) return
+
+  const typeLabel = CENTRAL_DEVICE_TYPES[typeKey]
+  const isRunning = row.status === 'running'
+
+  try {
+    await ElMessageBox.confirm(
+      `确定将设备「${row.deviceName}」切换为「${typeLabel}」？${isRunning ? '设备正在运行，切换后将自动重启。' : ''}`,
+      '切换主题类型',
+      { confirmButtonText: '确定', cancelButtonText: '取消', type: 'warning' }
+    )
+  } catch {
+    return // 用户取消
+  }
+
+  operatingId.value = row.id
+  try {
+    const res = await switchDeviceType(row.id, typeKey)
+    ElMessage.success(res.message)
+    await loadDevices()
+    emit('device-changed')
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    ElMessage.error('切换类型失败: ' + (e.message || ''))
+  } finally {
+    operatingId.value = ''
+  }
+}
+
 /** 打开编辑弹窗 */
 function openEditDialog(row: Simulator) {
   editForm.value = {

frontend/src/types/device.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ export const DEVICE_TYPE_ICONS: Record<DeviceType, string> = {
   client: 'Computer',
 }
 
+/** 中控设备类型映射 */
+export const CENTRAL_DEVICE_TYPES: Record<string, string> = {
+  room_online: '会议室在线',
+  device_online: '设备在线',
+  audio: '音频系统',
+  video: '视频系统',
+  control: '控制系统',
+  network: '网络系统',
+  power: '电源系统',
+}
+
 /** 环境配置 */
 export interface EnvConfig {
   id: string
@@ -204,6 +215,7 @@ export interface TopicTemplate {
   paramLabels: Record<string, string>
   paramDefaults: Record<string, string>
   direction: 'publish' | 'subscribe'
+  deviceType?: string
 }
 
 /** 主题模板列表响应 */