fix(device-sim): 修复创建设备 metadata 字段错误

- service 层：data.metadata → data.extra_attrs
- schema：添加 field_validator 过滤 SQLAlchemy MetaData
- schema：恢复 topic_params 字段和主题模板 Schema
- 前端类型：SimulatorUpdate.metadata → extraAttrs
Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/schemas/device_sim.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Optional, List, Dict
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ConfigDict
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ConfigDict, field_validator
 
 
 def to_camel(string: str) -> str:
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ class SimulatorBase(BaseModel):
     device_id: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=200, description="模拟设备 ID")
     auto_reconnect: bool = Field(default=True, description="是否自动重连")
     extra_attrs: Optional[dict] = Field(default=None, description="设备自定义属性")
+    topic_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = Field(default=None, description="主题动态参数")
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(
         alias_generator=to_camel,
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ class SimulatorUpdate(BaseModel):
     device_name: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, min_length=1, max_length=200, description="模拟设备名称")
     auto_reconnect: Optional[bool] = Field(default=None, description="是否自动重连")
     extra_attrs: Optional[dict] = Field(default=None, description="设备自定义属性")
+    topic_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = Field(default=None, description="主题动态参数")
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(
         alias_generator=to_camel,
@@ -134,6 +136,17 @@ class SimulatorResponse(SimulatorBase):
     created_at: datetime = Field(..., description="创建时间")
     updated_at: datetime = Field(..., description="更新时间")
 
+    # 显式声明 metadata 字段，避免 Pydantic 尝试序列化 SQLAlchemy 的 MetaData 对象
+    metadata: Optional[dict] = Field(default=None, exclude=True)
+
+    @field_validator('metadata', mode='before')
+    @classmethod
+    def ignore_sqlalchemy_metadata(cls, v):
+        """忽略 SQLAlchemy 的 MetaData 对象，只接受 dict 类型"""
+        if not isinstance(v, dict):
+            return None
+        return v
+
     model_config = ConfigDict(
         from_attributes=True,
         alias_generator=to_camel,
@@ -197,3 +210,34 @@ class TestConnectionResponse(BaseModel):
     model_config = ConfigDict(
         populate_by_name=True,
     )
+
+# ==================== 主题模板 Schema ====================
+
+class TopicTemplateResponse(BaseModel):
+    """主题模板响应"""
+
+    key: str = Field(..., description="模板唯一标识")
+    template: str = Field(..., description="主题路径模板")
+    label: str = Field(..., description="中文标签")
+    params: List[str] = Field(default=[], description="需要填写的动态参数名列表")
+    param_labels: Dict[str, str] = Field(default={}, description="参数名 -> 中文标签映射")
+    param_defaults: Dict[str, str] = Field(default={}, description="参数名 -> 默认值映射")
+    direction: str = Field(..., description="方向：publish(上报) / subscribe(订阅)")
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(
+        alias_generator=to_camel,
+        populate_by_name=True,
+    )
+
+
+class TopicTemplateListResponse(BaseModel):
+    """主题模板列表响应"""
+
+    device_type: str = Field(..., description="设备类型")
+    templates: List[TopicTemplateResponse] = Field(default=[], description="主题模板列表")
+    has_real_topics: bool = Field(default=False, description="是否有真实主题模板")
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(
+        alias_generator=to_camel,
+        populate_by_name=True,
+    )

backend/app/services/device_sim_service.py

@@ -386,7 +386,8 @@ class DeviceSimService:
             device_name=data.device_name,
             device_id=data.device_id,
             auto_reconnect=data.auto_reconnect,
-            extra_attrs=data.metadata or {},
+            extra_attrs=data.extra_attrs or {},
+            topic_params=data.topic_params or {},
             status="stopped",
         )
 
@@ -507,6 +508,7 @@ class DeviceSimService:
                 env_config_id=config.id,
                 mqtt_manager=mqtt_manager,
                 topics=topics,
+                topic_params=simulator.topic_params,
             )
             if not sim:
                 raise ValueError(f"不支持的设备类型: {simulator.device_type}")

frontend/src/types/device.ts

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ export interface Simulator {
   status: string
   autoReconnect: boolean
   extraAttrs: Record<string, any> | null
+  topicParams: Record<string, string> | null
   lastReportedAt: string | null
   totalReports: number
   createdAt: string
@@ -92,13 +93,15 @@ export interface SimulatorCreate {
   deviceId: string
   autoReconnect?: boolean
   extraAttrs?: Record<string, any> | null
+  topicParams?: Record<string, string> | null
 }
 
 /** 更新模拟设备请求 */
 export interface SimulatorUpdate {
   deviceName?: string
   autoReconnect?: boolean
-  metadata?: Record<string, any> | null
+  extraAttrs?: Record<string, any> | null
+  topicParams?: Record<string, string> | null
 }
 
 /** 上报记录 */
@@ -143,3 +146,21 @@ export interface ReportLogListResponse {
   items: ReportLog[]
   total: number
 }
+
+/** 主题模板 */
+export interface TopicTemplate {
+  key: string
+  template: string
+  label: string
+  params: string[]
+  paramLabels: Record<string, string>
+  paramDefaults: Record<string, string>
+  direction: 'publish' | 'subscribe'
+}
+
+/** 主题模板列表响应 */
+export interface TopicTemplateListResponse {
+  deviceType: string
+  templates: TopicTemplate[]
+  hasRealTopics: boolean
+}
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